Although brain-to-machine interfaces already allow monkeys to control robots with their minds, Miguel Nicolelis and researchers at Duke University have demonstrated the world's first brain-to-brain connection.
First, rats were trained to associate LED lights with one of two levers, with correct actions resulting in a water reward. Then rats were split into two groups — encoders and decoders — and an array of microelectrodes were implanted to either record or stimulate neurons in the primary motor cortex.