UPI Almanac for Tuesday, Dec. 18, 2018

Today is Tuesday, Dec. 18, the 352nd day of 2018 with 13 to go.

The moon is waxing. Morning stars are Jupiter, Mercury, Uranus and Venus. Evening stars are Mars, Neptune, Saturn and Uranus.

Those born on this date are under the sign of Sagittarius. They include Austro-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1863; Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in 1878; Swiss modernist painter Paul Klee in 1879; baseball Hall of Fame member Tyrus "Ty" Cobb in 1886; actor Betty Grable in 1916; actor Ossie Davis in 1917; chef Jacques Pepin in 1935 (age 82); Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards in 1943 (age 74); South African activist Steve Biko in 1946; film director Steven Spielberg in 1946 (age 72); movie critic/historian Leonard Maltin in 1950 (age 68); actor Ray Liotta in 1954 (age 64); actor Brad Pitt in 1963 (age 55); wrestler/actor Steve Austin in 1964 (age 54); rapper DMX, born Earl Simmons, in 1970 (age 48); singer Sia Kate Isobelle Furler in 1975 (age 43); actor Josh Dallas in 1978 (age 40); actor Katie Holmes in 1978 (age 40); singer Christina Aguilera in 1980 (age 38); actor Ashley Benson in 1989 (age 29); singer Billie Eilish in 2001 (age 17); actor Isabella Cramp in 2004 (age 14).

On this date in history:

In 1865, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution abolished slavery in the United States.

In 1912, an investigation of J.P. Morgan & Co. as well as 17 other financial firms detailed the control of more than $23.5 billion of the nation's wealth. The Pujo Committee was set up to look into what was believed to be a cabal of Wall Street heavyweights who were exerting unfair control over the nation's finances.

In 1915, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, whose first wife died a year earlier, married Edith Bolling Galt.

In 1916, the Battle of Verdun ends following the French victory over German forces under the command of Chief of staff Erich von Falkenhayn. Total casualties, for both sides, during the 303 day war are estimated to range between 714,231 to more than 1,250,000.

In 1972, following the collapse of peace talks with North Vietnam, President Richard Nixon announced the beginning of Operation Linebacker II, a "maximum effort" bombing campaign against targets in Hanoi and Haiphong.

In 1982, a fire at a power plant in Venezuela killed 128 people and forced the evacuation of parts of Caracas.

In 1989, a pipe bomb killed Savannah, Ga., City Councilman Robert Robinson hours after another bomb was discovered at the Atlanta federal courthouse. A racial motive was cited in those and other bombing incidents.

In 1991, General Motors announced it would close 21 plants and eliminate 74,000 jobs in four years to offset record losses.

In 1997, South Koreans elected longtime leftist opposition leader Kim Dae-jung president, marking the first time a member of the opposition defeated a candidate of the New Korea Party and its predecessors.

In 2003, teenager Lee Malvo was convicted of murder in Washington-area sniper attacks that killed 10 people in 2002. He was sentenced to life in prison. Malvo's adult companion in the shootings, John Muhammad, had been convicted earlier. Muhammad was executed in 2009.

In 2005, Bolivia elected Evo Morales as its first Mestizo president.

In 2007, Jacob Zuma was chosen by delegates to lead the African National Congress, ousting South African President Thabo Mbeki who had controlled the party for 10 years.

In 2008, Rwandan Col. Theoneste Bagosora was convicted of genocide by a U.N. court for his involvement in the 1994 massacre of 800,000 people.

In 2010, the U.S. Congress voted to repeal the "don't ask, don't tell" policy that prohibited openly gay men and women from serving in the military. President Obama signed the measure into law four days later.

In 2011, former Czech President Vaclav Havel, one of the leading anti-Communist dissidents of the 1970s and 1980s, died at the age of 75.

In 2013, Ronnie Biggs, who took part in Britain's "great train robbery" in 1963, escaped from prison and avoided capture for decades, died in London at age 84.

In 2017, Austria swore in its new coalition government with Chancellor Sebastian Kurz as its leader.

A thought for the day: Ty Cobb said, "I have observed that baseball is not unlike a war, and when you come right down to it, we batters are the heavy artillery."