The almanac

Today is Monday, Jan. 28, the 28th day of 2013 with 337 to follow.

The moon is waning. The morning stars are Saturn and Venus. The evening stars are Mars, Jupiter, Uranus, Mercury and Neptune.

Those born on this date are under the sign of Aquarius. They include Roman Catholic St. Thomas Aquinas in 1225; Canadian Prime Minister and statesman Alexander MacKenzie in 1822; British explorer Henry Morton Stanley in 1841; Cuban revolutionary and poet Jose Marti in 1853; French novelist Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette in 1873; concert pianist Arthur Rubinstein in 1887; abstract expressionist painter Jackson Pollock in 1912; sculptor Claes Oldenburg in 1929 (age 84); actor Alan Alda in 1936 (age 77); former Liberian leader Charles Taylor and ballet dancer Mikhail Baryshnikov, both in 1948 (age 65); former French President Nicolas Sarkozy in 1955 (age 58); singer Sarah McLachlan in 1968 (age 45); comedian Mo Rocca in 1969 (age 44); actors Susan Howard in 1944 (age 69) and Elijah Wood in 1981 (age 32); and singers Joey Fatone in 1977 (age 36) and Nick Carter in 1980 (age 33).

On this date in history:

In 1547, Henry VIII died and 9-year-old Edward VI became king of England.

In 1782, the U.S. Congress authorized creation of the Great Seal of the United States.

In 1813, "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen was published.

In 1878, the first commercial telephone switchboard began operation in New Haven, Conn.

In 1958, The Lego Group received a patent for its toy building blocks.

In 1965, Canadian Parliament accepted a new national flag design which included a red maple leaf in its center.

In 1974, Israel lifted its siege of Suez City and turned over 300,000 square miles of Egyptian territory to the United Nations, ending the occupation that had begun during the October, 1973 war.

In 1982, kidnapped U.S. Army Brig. Gen. James Dozier was rescued in Padua, Italy, after 42 days in the hands of Italian Red Brigades militants.

In 1986, the space shuttle Challenger exploded 72 seconds after blastoff from Cape Canaveral, killing all seven crewmembers, including civilian teacher Christa McAuliffe.

In 1993, a federal judge in Los Angeles ruled that the U.S. military's policy against homosexuals was unconstitutional because it was "based on cultural myths and false stereotypes."

In 1995, the United States and Vietnam agreed to exchange low-level diplomats and open liaison offices in each other's capital cities.

In 1997, five former police officers in South Africa admitted to killing anti-apartheid activist Stephen Biko, who died in police custody in 1977 and whose death had been officially listed as an accident.

In 2000, the U.S. government admitted that workers making nuclear weapons were exposed to radiation and chemicals that led to cancer and early death.

In 2003, at least 42 passengers burned to death when a luxury tourist bus collided with a truck carrying paints and chemicals in India's eastern state of West Bengal.

Also in 2003, Prime Minister Ariel Sharon and his Likud Party retained power in Israeli parliamentary elections.

In 2004, the chief U.S. weapons inspector in Iraq told Congress "we were almost all wrong" in believing Iraq had weapons of mass destruction and called for an outside independent investigation of the apparent intelligence failure.

In 2005, Condoleezza Rice was sworn in as the 66th U.S. secretary of state. She was the first African-American woman to hold the office.

Also in 2005, European scientists confirmed the first known case of "mad cow" disease in a goat.

In 2007, U.S. and Iraqi forces killed a reported 300 enemy fighters in a major battle near Najaf in southern Iraq. The U.S. military death toll for the month was 84.

Also in 2007, British researchers warned effects from climate change would be irreversible in 10 years without "serious reductions in carbon emissions."

In 2008, U.S. President George W. Bush delivered his final State of the Union address, focusing on the Iraq war, the uncertainty of the economy, a proposed tax rebate and another warning for Iran.

In 2009, the U.S. House of Representatives approved a nearly $900 billion economic stimulus plan.

Also in 2009, more than 3,000 people died of cholera during an outbreak in Zimbabwe, the World Health Organization said.

In 2010, the U.S. Senate agreed to give Ben Bernanke a second four-term as chairman of the Federal Reserve Board. The vote was 70-30.

In 2011, Tunisia's interim government issued an arrest warrant for ousted president Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali who fled to Saudi Arabia after massive demonstrations chased him from office.

In 2012, the U.S. gross domestic product grew at a rate of 2.8 percent in the fourth quarter, compared with 1.8 percent during the previous quarter.

Also in 2012, the Arab League suspended its monitoring mission in Syria because of a sharp spike in violence on the same day opposition activists reported almost 100 deaths.

A thought for the day: Edward George Bulwer-Lytton said, "Talent does what it can; genius does what it must."