The Almanac

Today is Monday, July 7, the 188th day of 2003 with 177 to follow.

The moon is waxing. The morning stars are Venus, Mars, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. The evening stars are Mercury, Jupiter and Pluto.

Those born on this date are under the sign of Cancer. They include composer Gustav Mahler in 1860; painter Marc Chagall in 1887; film director George Cukor in 1899; film director Vittorio DeSica in 1902; baseball pitcher Leroy "Satchel" Paige and zither player Anton Karras ("The Third Man") in 1906; science fiction author Robert Heinlein in 1907; composer Gian Carlo Menotti in 1911; Chicago 7 defense lawyer William Kunstler in 1919; Ezzard Charles, heavyweight boxing champion, in 1921; singer Mary Ford in 1924; French fashion designer Pierre Cardin in 1922 (age 81); bandleader Doc Severinsen in 1927 (age 76); actor Vince Edwards and singer Mary Ford in 1928; former Beatle Ringo Starr in 1940 (age 63); actors Shelley Duvall in 1949 (age 54) and Bill Campbell in 1959 (age 44); and figure skater Michelle Kwan in 1980 (age 23).

On this date in history:

In 1846, U.S. Navy Commodore J.D. Sloat proclaimed the annexation of California by the United States.

In 1865, four people convicted of conspiring with John Wilkes Booth in the assassination of President Lincoln were hanged in Washington.

In 1898, President William McKinley signed a joint resolution of Congress authorizing the annexation of Hawaii by the United States.

In 1946, Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini (1850-1917) became the first American to be canonized.

In 1973, President Nixon said he would not appear before the Senate Watergate Investigating Committee or give it access to White House files.

In 1977, first female cadets permitted at West Point.

In 1981, Sandra Day O'Connor was chosen by President Reagan to become the first woman on the U.S. Supreme Court. She was unanimously approved by the Senate.

In 1987, Lt. Col. Oliver North began six days of testimony before the congressional Iran-Contra committee.

In 1994, 16 people died in Americus, Ga., when 21.1 inches of rain fell.

In 1998, a Los Angeles jury convicted Mikail Markhasev, 19, of murder in the January 1997 shooting death of Ennis Cosby, son of entertainer Bill Cosby.

In 1999, a Miami-Dade Co. jury held the leading tobacco companies liable for various illnesses of Florida smokers. The class-action lawsuit, filed in 1994, was the first of its kind to actually come to trial.

In 2000, the second test of an anti-missile system failed again when the missile missed its target by 100 yards.

In 2002 sports, Lleyton Hewitt of Australia won the men's singles crown at Wimbledon with a 6-1, 6-3, 6-2 conquest of David Nalbandian of Argentina. The Williams sisters, who the day before had played for the women's singles title with Serena beating Venus, got together to capture women's doubles, 6-2, 7-5, over Virginia Ruano Pascual of Spain and Paola Suarez of Argentina.

A thought for the day: Benjamin Franklin wrote in "Poor Richard's Almanac" that "If you'd know the value of money, go and borrow some."