The Almanac

Today is Friday, Jan. 11, the 11th day of 2002 with 354 to follow.

The moon is waning, moving toward its new phase.

The morning star is Venus.

The evening stars are Mercury, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.

Those born on this date are under the sign of Capricorn. They include American statesman Alexander Hamilton, first Secretary of the Treasury, in 1757; Ezra Cornell, founder of Western Union Telegraph company and Cornell University, in 1807; Sir John MacDonald, first prime minister of Canada, in 1815; psychologist and philosopher William James in 1842; feminist lawyer Alice Paul in 1885; South African novelist Alan Paton ("Cry the Beloved Country") in 1903; actor Rod Taylor in 1930 (age 72); Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien in 1934 (age 68); and singers Naomi Judd in 1946 (age 56) and Mary J. Blige in 1971 (age 31).

On this date in history:

In 1785, the Continental Congress convened in New York City.

In 1861, Alabama seceded from the Union.

In 1935, American aviator Amelia Earhart Putnam became the first woman to fly across the Pacific from Hawaii to California.

In 1964, U.S. Surgeon General Luther Terry released a report saying smoking cigarettes is a definite "health hazard."

In 1984, the U.S. Supreme Court reinstated a $10 million award to the family of Oklahoma nuclear worker Karen Silkwood, who died in 1974.

In 1990, martial law, imposed during the June 1989 Tiananmen Square pro-democracy movement, was lifted in Beijing.

Also in 1990, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev visited Lithuania in effort to cool secessionist fervor.

In 1991, Congress authorized the use of military force to oust Iraq from Kuwait.

In 1993, doctors in Pittsburgh performed the second ever baboon-to-human liver transplant; the 62-year-old recipient did not survive long.

In 1994, President Clinton kicked off a visit to Eastern Europe with a stop in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic.

In 1995, the U.S. State Department accused Russia of breaking an international agreement by making major troop movements into the rebel republic of Chechnya without providing notification.

Also in 1995, hockey team owners and players reached an agreement, salvaging the 1994-95 NHL season.

In 1996, the Japanese Diet elected Ryutaro Hashimoto, head of the Liberal Democratic Party, as the new premier.

In 2000, the British government declared Chile's Gen. Augusto Pinochet medically unfit to stand trial in Spain. The ruling cleared the way for the former dictator to avoid charges of crimes against humanity.

In 2001, the Federal Communications Commission approved the merger of American Online and Time Warner Inc., creating the world's largest media conglomerate.

Also in 2001, a yearlong investigation by the U.S. Army concluded that American soldiers shot and killed unarmed South Korean civilians in July 1950 during the Korean War.

A thought for the day: William James said, "There is no worse lie than a truth misunderstood by those who hear it."