New research suggests meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet shepherds significant amounts of methane into the atmosphere during the spring and summer. Photo by NASA/UPI |
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Jan. 3 (UPI) -- Scientists and the models they build have underestimated the amount of methane seeping from beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet and into the atmosphere, according to new research.
Last summer, for three months, an international team of scientists monitored the levels of methane being released into the atmosphere by glacial meltwater draining from a 230 square-mile portion of the Greenland Ice Sheet. During their stay, scientists determined the icy catchment's meltwater released at least six tons of methane.
Like CO2, methane is a greenhouse gas, meaning its presence in the atmosphere amplifies the warming effect of the sun's rays. Though less abundant than CO2, methane's greenhouse effect is significantly greater.
"A key finding is that much of the methane produced beneath the ice likely escapes the Greenland Ice Sheet in large, fast flowing rivers before it can be oxidized to CO2, a typical fate for methane gas which normally reduces its greenhouse warming potency," lead researcher Jemma Wadham, director of the Cabot Institute for the Environment at the University of Bristol, said in a news release.
Scientists knew the Greenland Ice Sheet contained methane -- the gas has previously been found trapped in ice cores and subglacial lakes. But the new research, published in the journal Nature, marks the first time scientists have precisely measured methane output during the spring and summer months, when Greenland's glaciers melt more rapidly.
Researchers think a wealth of microbial activity beneath the ice sheet are responsible for the proliferating methane's production.
"What is also striking is the fact that we've found unequivocal evidence of a widespread subglacial microbial system," said Guillaume Lamarche-Gagnon, Bristol researcher and lead author of the new study. "Whilst we knew that methane-producing microbes likely were important in subglacial environments, how important and widespread they truly were was debatable."
Now, scientists know extensive communities of microbes persist beneath thick layers of ice.
"This subglacial methane is essentially a biomarker for life in these isolated habitats," Lamarche-Gagnon said.
Last year, a different group of scientists showed volcanic glaciers emit surprisingly larger amounts of methane via their meltwater outflows.
With improved monitoring technologies, scientists hope to track gas emissions from glacial meltwater in more places and more easily.
"Several orders of magnitude more methane has been hypothesized to be capped beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet than beneath Arctic ice-masses," Lamarche-Gagnon said. "Like we did in Greenland, it's time to put more robust numbers on the theory."
