Stuart Butler currently serves as the Vice-President for Domestic and Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation in Washington, D.C. He plans and oversees the Foundation's research and publications on all domestic issues.

He joined The Heritage Foundation in 1979, as a policy analyst specializing in health and urban issues. He is credited to have re-introduced the concept of Urban Enterprise Zone in the United States in 1979.

Butler has played a prominent role in the debate over health care, seeking solutions to uninsurance and high health costs through approaches based on individual choice and market competition. His recent work on combining tax reform, health exchanges and state-led reforms led to a 2008 proposal published by the Brookings Institution.