Palestine (Greek: Παλαιστίνη, Palaistinē; Latin: Palaestina; Hebrew: פלשתינה‎ Palestina; Arabic: فلسطين‎ Filasṭīn, Falasṭīn, Filisṭīn) is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region that was earlier called Canaan, which spreads between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. It is derived from a name used already much earlier for a narrower geographical region, mainly along the coast.

In its broader meaning as a geographical term, Palestine can refer to an area that includes contemporary Israel and the Palestinian territories, parts of Jordan, and parts of Lebanon and Syria. In its narrow meaning, it can refer to the area within the boundaries of the former British Mandate of Palestine (1920-1948) west of the Jordan River; the Country, or State of Palestine, comprised of territory in the West Bank and Gaza Strip; or to Proposals for a Palestinian state in line with the pre-1967 borders.

The name and the borders of Palestine have varied throughout history, though Palestine has certain natural boundaries that justify its historical individuality. The name itself was given to these lands by the Romans - and in about 135 CE. They have called it Province of Syria Palaestina.