Manuel Antonio Rosales Guerrero (b. December 12, 1952, in Santa Bárbara del Zulia) is a Venezuelan politician, best known for being the main opposition candidate against Hugo Chávez in the 2006 presidential election. He has served as a congressman in the Zulia Legislative Assembly (1983-1994), Mayor of Maracaibo (1996–2000) and Governor of Zulia for two terms (2000–2004 and 2004–2008). He was elected again as Mayor of Maracaibo in 2008, but in April 2009 was granted political asylum in Peru after being charged with corruption in Venezuela.

Rosales is a teacher, and a co-founder of Sur del Lago University. He began his political career as a youth leader of Acción Democrática (AD). Later Rosales founded A New Era (Un Nuevo Tiempo) political party in 2000.

Rosales participated in the 2002 coup attempt by signing the self-proclamation of Pedro Carmona as President of Venezuela in April 2002. He declared that it was during a "moment of confusion and that it was done with the best intentions for the sake of the country".