Mahmud Ali Durrani (Urdu: محمود علی درانی) (born 1941) is a Pakistani army officer. He was the National Security Adviser to Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani's administration until he was fired in January 2009 for "not consulting the Prime Minister while giving statements on foreign relation matters". The matter in question was the acceptance by the Government of Pakistan of the Pakistani nationality of the sole surviving terrorist Ajmal Kasab, who was involved in the 2008 Mumbai attacks and was in the custody of the Mumbai police.

Durrani had previously served as Pakistan Ambassador to the United States. He was replaced as ambassador by Husain Haqqani in May 2008.

Durrani was born in 1941 in Abbottabad, which is in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. He is an ethnic Pashtun from the Durrani tribe. After graduating from Pakistan Military Academy in 1961 in the 24th PMA Long Course (same batch as General Jehangir Karamat who later became the army chief) and winning the sword of honour, he served in various command, staff and instructional posts for about 16 years. From 1977 to 1982 he was Pakistan’s defense and military attaché in Washington, D.C. He then served as military secretary to the president of Pakistan until 1986.