Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev (वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह) (December 28, 1945 – June 1, 2001) was a King of Nepal. The son of King Mahendra, whom he succeeded in 1972 he reigned until his death in the 2001 Nepalese royal massacre. He is the most internationally well-known Nepalese king in modern history.

Birendra was born at the Narayanhity Royal Palace in Kathmanduas the eldest son of the then Crown Prince Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev and his wife Crown Princess Indra Rajya Laxmi.

Birendra was the first Nepalese monarch to receive a formal education. He spent eight years studying at St Joseph's College a Jesuit school in Darjeeling, India. On 13 March 1955 his grandfather King Tribhuvan died and his father succeeded to the Nepalese throne. With his father's ascension Birendra became the Crown Prince of Nepal.