Joseph Elijah Thompson (July 19, 1867 – ) was speaker of the Legislature of Ontario in 1924-1926 and served as Conservative MLA for St. David and Toronto Northeast from 1919 to 1929.

He was born in Toronto, the son of Joseph Thompson. In 1898, he married Ida M. Wilkinson. Thompson was an insurance broker. He served as city controller in 1915. He was a captain in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during World War I.