Henry Morgentaler, CM (born March 19, 1923, in Łódź, Poland) is a Canadian physician and prominent pro choice advocate who has fought numerous legal battles for that cause.

Morgentaler was born in Łódź to Golda Nikita and Josef Morgentaler. His father was active in the Jewish Socialist Labour Bund. Following the German capture of Poland, Josef Morgentaler was arrested and killed by the Gestapo. During the Holocaust, Morgentaler lived with his mother and brother in the Łódź ghetto until 1944, when he was detained and sent to Auschwitz. Following his release, weighing just 70 pounds, he accepted a United Nations scholarship that was being offered to Jewish survivors. He went to medical school in Germany while living with a German family that was forced to house him under the program.

Upon graduation Morgentaler refused to go to Israel because he strongly opposed Zionism. He and his wife, Chava Rosenfarb, left Europe in 1950 and emigrated to Canada. He received his medical education from the Université de Montréal where he graduated in 1953. After receiving his Canadian citizenship, he practised medicine in the east end of Montreal. He worked there as a general practitioner for nearly twenty years before his convictions about abortion caused serious conflict with others. On October 19, 1967, he gave public testimony before a Government of Canada committee about his belief that any pregnant woman should have the right to a safe abortion.