Federica Pellegrini (born August 5, 1988) is an Italian swimmer. A native of Mirano (province of Venice), she is currently the women's 200 m freestyle (long course and short course) and 400 m (long course) freestyle world record holder. Also, during the 2009 World Championships in Rome, Pellegrini became the first woman ever to breach the 4 minute barrier in 400 m freestyle with the time 3:59.15.

Pellegrini is the first female Olympic champion in the history of Italian swimming; she is also the only Italian swimmer to have set world records in more than one event.

Her first international podium was at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, where she won the silver medal in the 200 m freestyle at the age of 16, becoming the youngest athlete to have ever won an Olympic medal in an individual event in the history of Italian sports.