Elvira Arellano (born 1975) is a Mexican citizen from San Miguel Curahuango, Michoacán, notable for seeking sanctuary while living illegally in the United States. Facing deportation by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Arellano attempted to declare sanctuary in the Adalberto United Methodist Church on Division Street in Chicago (although the law does not recognize the concept of "sanctuary") in August 2006. On August 19, 2007, having traveled to California to make appearances, Arellano was arrested by U.S. authorities outside of Our Lady Queen of Angels Church in downtown Los Angeles and deported to Mexico. She is the president of La Familia Latina Unida (United Latino Family), a group that lobbies for families that could be split by deportation.

Arellano entered the United States illegally in 1997 and was apprehended and deported back to Mexico by the United States government. She returned within days and lived illegally for three years in Oregon. In 1999, she gave birth to a son, Saul Arellano, whose father remains unnamed by Elvira. Due to the 14th Amendment, which grants birthright citizenship, Saul is a United States citizen. In 2000, Arellano moved to Chicago and worked as a cleaning woman at O'Hare International Airport. In 2002, following a post-September 11 security sweep, she was arrested and convicted of Social Security Fraud. Arellano was ordered to appear before immigration authorities on August 15, 2006. Instead of complying with the court order and to avoid arrest and deportation, on that date she took refuge in the Adalberto United Methodist church in the Humboldt Park area of Chicago, which maintained it was a sanctuary for illegal immigrants. Before that, she sought safe haven for a year in Amor De Dios United Methodist Church with Pastor José S. Landaverde, who begun the new immigrant sanctuary movement in Illinois.

On November 14, 2006, in Mexico City, Saul Arellano appeared before the Congress of Mexico. The Mexican lawmakers passed a resolution to urge the United States government to suspend the deportation of Arellano and other parents of children who are United States citizens.