Anatoly Nikolayevich Perminov (born June 16, 1945 in the Kirovskaya oblast, Russia) is the current director of the Russian Federal Space Agency.

Anatoly Perminov graduated in 1967 from a military college with a degree in mechanical engineering, specializing in rocket engines. In 1976, he earned an advanced degree in Moscow from the Military Academy. In 1991 he again earned an advanced degree in Moscow from the Military Academy, after which he was appointed to the head of the Russian Department of Defense research test site. Here he organized the launch of hundreds of satellites and ICBMs. In August of 1993 he became the head of operations for missile weapons in the Strategic Missile Forces. He has been the director of Roskosmos since March of 2004.

At the end of 2007, Anatoly Perminov announced that Russia will likely stop providing launches for space tourists in 2009 due to international agreements requiring a full crew for the ISS. Russia's space infrastructure is currently overwhelmed by the relatively large number of space tourists.