ABC News reported Monday that Dale and Leilani Neumann were charged with second-degree reckless homicide. They face up to 25 years in prison.
Announcing the charges, Marathon County District Attorney Jill Falstad said, "It is very surprising, shocking that she wasn't allowed medical intervention."
The girl, Madeline Kara Neumann, died in March at a hospital in Everest, Wis., of diabetic ketoacidosis, an autopsy report said.
Her parents called 911 after she stopped breathing on Easter Sunday, but said they did not seek medical attention earlier because they were praying for the girl.
The family had ties to Unleavened Bread Ministries, which shuns medical care in favor of prayer.
The Marathon County medical examiner said the girl's condition was treatable and her death could have been prevented, ABC reported.