The surprising Dolphins (6-4) have won four games in a row.
Quarterback Chad Pennington led the Dolphins on a 61-yard drive that culminated in the field goal that overcame a 15-14 deficit.
Though Pennington completed 16-of-22 passes for 174 yards, he failed to throw or run for a score and was sacked three times, once for a safety.
Wide receiver Ted Ginn Jr. scored on a 40-yard reverse in the first quarter. Dolphins running back Patrick Cobbs also scored once, and Ronnie Brown rushed for 101 yards on 16 carries.
Oakland's offense failed to score a touchdown. Sebastian Janikowski kicked two field goals.
The Raiders' Jay Richardson tackled Pennington in the end zone for a third-quarter safety.
Wide receiver Johnnie Lee Higgins scored on a 93-yard punt return in the fourth quarter, which gave Oakland its one-point lead with 4:30 left.
Quarterback JaMarcus Russell completed 15-of-22 passes for 156 yards in the Raiders' fourth straight loss.