The Phillies dropped three games behind the New York Mets in their fight for the National League East pennant.
Philadelphia took a 4-3 lead into the seventh, but Ryan Zimmerman tied it with his 11th homer of the year. The Nationals then got to Chad Durbin (5-4) for four runs in the eighth.
Kory Casto led off the inning with a single and gave way to pinch-runner Pete Orr. One out later, Roger Bernadina singled Orr to third and pinch-hitter Ronnie Belliard's single brought in Orr with the go-ahead run.
Emilio Bonifacio then drew a walk to load the bases and Guzman hit a 2-0 pitch from Durbin to deep center, clearing the bases.
Saul Rivera (5-5) pitched the eighth inning to get the win. Joel Hanrahan surrendered two runs in the ninth before striking out Jayson Werth to end the game.