Mauresmo, seeded 14th this week, had some problems in the first set before closing out a 7-6 (7-2), 6-3 win over Sabine Lisicki and Peer, seeded 12th, took over Andreja Klepac 6-3, 6-4.
Other seeded players picking up wins Monday were No. 15 Sybille Bammer, who defeated Aiko Nakamura 6-1, 6-3, and 16th-seeded Agnieszka Radwanska, who beat Akiko Morigami 7-5, 6-0.
No. 10-seeded Nadia Petrova was eliminated when she withdrew due to gastritis, a decisions that allowed Anabel Medina Garrigues to advance.
Also winning first-round matches were: Dominika Cibulkova, Tamarine Tanasugarn, Maria Kirilenko, Vera Zvonareva, Virginie Razzano and Zi Yan.
The top eight seeds, including No. 1 Ana Ivanovic, were given first-round byes.
The 2008 Qatar Total Open winner will take home $414,000.