ARLINGTON, Va., Aug. 19 (UPI) -- In October 2001 five people were killed and 12 injured when a series of anthrax-laced letters were sent to major U.S. news organizations and prominent members of Congress. Now, seven years later, it is widely reported that the Federal Bureau of Investigation finally has identified the individual responsible for the first documented attack with biological weapons in the United States in modern times.

As difficult as the FBI probe has proven to be, detecting and preventing another terrorist attack is even more challenging. A number of those infected with anthrax were not even the targets of the attack. They were innocent postal workers or civilians who came in contact with contaminated mail, often days before the anthrax letters were delivered to their intended recipients.

One of the horrors of biological agents is that days can pass between infection and the outbreak of symptoms. In that period, infected individuals may spread the disease to hundreds of others.

In the aftermath of the 2001 attacks, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security instituted a program called BioWatch. It was intended, in part, to develop a nationwide monitoring capability across the entire United States that would have the capability to detect future biological threats.

Special sensors were deployed at U.S. Postal Service mail handling centers to guard against a repeat of the 2001 anthrax terrorist attacks through the mail. A limited number of additional sensors -- the exact number and their location are classified -- were deployed at selected high-traffic sites in major metropolitan areas.

Unfortunately, the current generation of sensors does not provide timely detection and warning. These devices sample the air, collecting materials on paper filters that must be manually removed from the sensors and sent to a laboratory for analysis. The process can take days. For each day that detection and warning is delayed, the cost in human lives, depending on the biological agent, could be measured in the thousands.

A new generation of sensors has been developed that could provide reliable warning of a biological threat in a matter of hours. The Autonomous Pathogen Detection System is essentially an automated laboratory in a box, able to detect multiple threats and report every four hours. This system already has undergone two years of field testing.

However, the Department of Homeland Security has been inexplicably slow in deploying new sensor systems to provide improved warning of attack, whether by biological threats or nuclear materials being smuggled through our hundreds of ports of entry.

Therefore, the Department of Homeland Security should provide additional funds to accelerate production of the new generation of sensors with the intent of widespread deployment across the United States beginning no later than in 2010. Without such rapid and reliable warning, the United States faces the prospect of losing the next war before it is even aware that it is under attack.

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(Daniel Goure is vice president of the Lexington Institute in Arlington, Va., a think tank that specializes in defense issues.)

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(United Press International's "Outside View" commentaries are written by outside contributors who specialize in a variety of important issues. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of United Press International. In the interests of creating an open forum, original submissions are invited.)