Gene linked with infertility in mice

RICHMOND, Va., Oct. 6 (UPI) -- U.S. scientists say they have identified a gene involved with ovarian follicle development in a study that might shed light on human fertility issues.

Virginia Commonwealth University researchers said the steps involved with conception and pregnancy are complex, and in females, fertility is dependent on the growth of a follicle that ultimately transforms to release a mature egg. Disruption at any stage in the development of the follicle can prevent maturation and impair fertility, as well as alter the production of hormones in the ovaries.

In their study, researchers used a mouse model to examine the role of a gene known as Smad-3 during the early stages of follicular growth to better understand the molecular mechanisms that could influence fertility. Specifically, they said they looked at the signaling pathways involved in the follicles' response to follicle stimulating hormone -- one of the most important hormones involved in fertility.

The team, led by Dr. Elizabeth McGee, M.D., associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology, reported female mice missing the Smad-3 gene did not experience normal ovulation and were infertile. The team also concluded Smad-3 regulates follicle growth and an important family of proteins that are essential for follicle development.

The study is detailed in the early online edition of the journal Biology of Reproduction.