The National Aeronautics and Space Administration said the discovery came from a 22-year Earth-based program of observing Saturn -- the longest space temperature study ever recorded -- as well as the Cassini spacecraft's observations of temperature changes in Saturn's atmosphere.

The Cassini infrared results indicate Saturn's wave pattern is similar to a wave pattern found in Earth's upper atmosphere. The earthly oscillation takes about two years, while a similar pattern on Jupiter takes more than four Earth years.

Glenn Orton of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory said patience is the key to studying changes during the course of a Saturnian year -- the equivalent of about 30 Earth years.

"You could only make this discovery by observing Saturn over a long period of time," said Orton, lead author of the ground-based research. "It's like putting together 22 years worth of puzzle pieces, collected by a hugely rewarding collaboration of students and scientists from around the world on various telescopes."

The findings of both the Cassini and Earth-based observations appear in the journal Nature.