The Emory University-led team of researchers, using a mouse model, discovered a chronic strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus targeted a type of stromal cell in the lymphoid organs called fibroblastic reticular cells. In contrast, an acute strain of the virus had little effect on the FRC cells.

The scientists noted FRC provide a three-dimensional framework used by immune cells to travel and interact with other immune cells within the lymphoid organs (spleen and lymph nodes) and are important for the initiation of immune responses to infections. The researchers found widespread FRC infection caused a disruption of the function of the stromal cells.

"This research helps explain how the T-cell response can be suppressed in chronic viral infections," said postdoctoral fellow Scott Mueller, who led the study. "As we learn more about the intricate mechanisms involved we will be able to develop better treatments, and potentially preventive vaccines, for chronic infections such as those caused by HIV and hepatitis C viruses."

The research is reported online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.