The Almanac

Today is Thursday, July 21, the 202nd day of 2005 with 163 to follow.

The moon is full. The morning stars are Mars, Uranus and Neptune. The evening stars are Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn and Pluto.

Those born on this date are under the sign of Cancer. They include composer Chauncey Olcott ("When Irish Eyes Are Smiling") in 1860; author Ernest Hemingway and poet Hart Crane, both in 1899; Canadian communications theorist Marshall McLuhan in 1911; violinist Isaac Stern in 1920; singer Kay Starr in 1922 (age 83); producer Norman Jewison in 1926 (age 79); actor/comedians Don Knotts in 1924 (age 81) and Robin Williams in 1952 (age 53; former U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno in 1938 (age 67; actor Edward Herrmann in 1943 (age 62); former singer Cat Stevens, who known as Yusef Islam, in 1948 (age 57); cartoonist Garry Trudeau ("Doonesbury") in 1949 (age 56); and actor Jon Lovitz in 1957 (age 48).

On this date in history:

In 1861, the first major military engagement of the Civil War occurred at Bull Run Creek, Va.

In 1873, outlaw Jesse James held up the Rock Island express train at Adair, Iowa, and escaped with $3,000.

In 1925, the so-called "Monkey Trial" in Dayton, Tenn., which pitted Clarence Darrow against William Jennings Bryan in one of the great confrontations in legal history, ended with John Thomas Scopes convicted of teaching evolution in violation of state law. He was fined $100.

In 1969, astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin climbed back into the lunar module Eagle and lifted off from the surface of the moon.

In 1970, after 11 years of construction, the massive billion-dollar Aswan High Dam across the Nile River in Egypt was completed, ending the cycle of flood and drought in the Nile River region but triggering an environmental controversy.

In 1991, Jordan joined Syria, Lebanon, Egypt and Saudi Arabia in agreeing to regional peace talks.

In 1992, a judge in Pontiac, Mich., dismissed murder charges against euthanasia advocate Jack "Dr. Death" Kevorkian.

Also in 1992, 43 people were injured when a tour bus carrying Girls Scouts and their chaperones overturned on a steep, winding highway in Nevada.

In 2000, a report from special counsel John Danforth cleared Attorney General Janet Reno and the government of wrongdoing in the April 19, 1993, fire that ended the Branch Davidian siege near Waco, Texas.

In 2002, WorldCom displaced Enron as the largest U.S. company to declare bankruptcy.

In 2003, physicians at Vienna General Hospital in Austria say they performed the world's first successful tongue transplant on a human, a 42-year-old man.

Also in 2003, Canadian authorities expanded their search for the remains of 63 Vancouver women missing for 20 years. Pig farmer Robert Pickton was charged with killing 26 women, most of whom were drug-addicted prostitutes.

In 2004, the Sept. 11 commission said it had found that the Clinton and Bush administrations had missed as many as 10 opportunities to thwart terror attacks.

Also in 2004, the U.S. death toll since hostilities began in Iraq stood at about 900.

A thought for the day: Balzac called bureaucracy "the gigantic power set in motion by fools."